The most probable hypothesis is that it travelled to Europe aboard the Spanish galleons, hidden among the foodstuffs from the New World which had just been discovered by Columbus. The specimen of Hermetia illucens, or black soldier fly, a species of insect native to America found by the researchers from the University of Pisa inside the sarcophagus of the duchess Isabella of Aragon (who died in Naples in 1524 and was thought by some scholars to be the actual Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo da Vinci) has opened new scenarios as to the real geographical origins of this species. The research published in the prestigious Journal of Archaeological Science, was made possible thanks to the collaboration of the group of agricultural entomology from the Department of Agricultural, Alimentary and Agro-environmental Sciences, made up of Giovanni Benelli, Angelo Canale and Alfio Raspi, with Gino Fornaciari, Director of the Division of Paleopathology in the Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery.
It all started in 1984 when Professor Fornaciari exhumed the body of Isabella of Aragon for paleopathological studies which demonstrated that the death of the duchess was caused by mercury intoxication, the mercury being used to cure a form of syphilis. On that occasion, near the deceased's head, the remains of an insect larva were found. Recent analysis of the remains show that it belongs to the American species: "Hermetia illucens has always been considered native to the American continent and has never been seen in Europe before the 1900s," explains Giovanni Benelli, "this discovery inside the sarcophagus of Isabella of Aragon is therefore rather surprising as it demonstrates the presence of this insect in Europe four centuries earlier than was thought".
In order to explain the presence of the insect in Europe earlier than previously believed, the 'paleoentomological' group has formulated various theories, the most plausible being that Hermetia illucens reached Europe hidden in foodstuffs carried by the Spanish galleons which, on the way back from America, frequently stopped in Naples where the duchess was buried: "Any possible later contamination from this species is considered to be out of the question," explains Gino Fornaciari, "the sarcophagus of Isabella has been hermetically sealed since her death with the only exception of when some robbers visited the tomb a few centuries later when her body was already skeletonised and therefore not congruous with the development of Hermetia illucens, which requires abundant fresh or decomposing organic material".
The duchess Isabella of Aragon (1470-1524) is a fascinating figure from the Italian Renaissance: daughter of Ippolita Sforza and Alfonso II, heir to the throne of Naples, in 1489 she married the Duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Sforza, and the wedding became famous because of the spectacular celebrations, with theatrical representations, mechanical games, fountains of light and water, organized at the Castello Sforzesco di Milano by Leonardo Da Vinci, who, in those years, lived at the court of Ludovico il Moro. According to some art historians it was Isabella who inspired Leonardo's Mona Lisa, which would seem to be corroborated by a certain likeness between the noble woman and the woman portrayed in the painting.